demand for consumption of protein, as a result of improvement in the income and nutrition levels, has a rapid growth in developing countries. broiler industry has a crucial role in providing protein. to design an optimal plan and to use the potential resources, analyzing cost structure of this industry is required. in this study, cost structure and economies of scale of broiler industry were an...

Users share an increasing marginal cost technology. A method charges non negative cost shares covering costs. We look at the worst surplus (relative to the efficient surplus) in a Nash equilibrium of the demand game, where the minimum is taken over all convex preferences quasilinear in cost shares. We compare two budget-balanced methods, average cost pricing and serial cost sharing, and two met...

The submodular flow problem is extended by considering a nonseparable cost function, which is assumed to enjoy a variant of the exchange property of the base polyhedron of a submodular system. Two optimality criteria are established, one in terms of potentials associated with vertices and the other in terms of negative cycles in an auxiliary graph. These are natural extensions of the well-known...

BACKGROUND The PHARMACOP-intervention significantly improved medication adherence and inhalation technique for patients with COPD compared with usual care. This study aimed to evaluate its cost-effectiveness. METHODS An economic analysis was performed from the Belgian healthcare payer's perspective. A Markov model was constructed in which a representative group of patients with COPD (mean age...

in this study, 10 normal volunteers and 5 sports-trained paraplegics with lesions between t6 and l2 were studied whilst walking with axillary crutches and knee-anlde-foot orthoses. all subjects walked at their preferred speed on a figureof- eight track. normal subjects also walked at slower and faster speeds. oxygen consumption, heart rate and rating of perceived exertion were measured. in norm...

in this paper, the study deals with the lead time and setup reduction problem in the vendor-purchaser integrated inventory model. the cost of capital (i.e., opportunity cost) is one of the key factors in making the inventory and investment decisions. lead time is an important element in any inventory system. the proposed model is presents an integrated inventory model with controllable lead tim...

The main goal of this study was to investigate the way of affecting of water in production of cucumber. From aspect of econometrics, mutual relationships of production function and expenses have been analyzed in which Translog cost function has been used. This function has been estimated using the conditional input demand functions, the shefard theorem, chemical fertilizer, animal fertilizer, l...