the scarcity of water resources and supply resources limitation, have caused an increasing gap between water supply and demand specially in recent decades in almost all regions of the globe. one of the best known solutions proposed by the economists is using the different water pricing approaches thereby obtaining the optimal allocation and social justice. to this purpose, this paper uses the p...

The demand for high quality electricity and growing electricity consumption has been caused by increasing electrification of daily life causes and the rising number of sensitive or critical loads. Due to the rapid increase in global energy consumption and the diminishing of fossil fuels, the customer demand for new generation capacities and efficient energy production, delivery and utilization ...

Traditionally, vertical integration has concerned industrial economists only insofar as it affects market outcomes, particularly prices. This paper considers reverse causality, from prices – and more generally, from demand – to integration in a model of a dynamic oligopoly. If integration is costly but enhances productive efficiency, then a trend of rising prices and increasing integration coul...

Water is a basic demand of sustainable development in most regions of the world. The non-uniform temporal and spatial distribution of water resources will lead to water shortage in arid and semi-arid areas. Pishin catchment is one of the most important catchments in South-East Iran. The basin had been faced with consecutive droughts in recent years. On the other hand, water resources developmen...

the present crisis in global economy, the issue of climate change and the fast-growing world population,leading to increased demand of food, are signifiantfactors reinforcing moves towards inclusive technologydevelopments. increasing population and consumptiongrowth will lead to the increasing global demand forfood, as well. the growing competition for land, water,and energy affct food producti...

Background and aims Due to the increasing prevalence of cat allergy the demand for so-called hypoallergenic cats and the number of respective breeders is rising. The aim of our study was to examine the hypoallergenicity of these cats, taking the major allergen Fel d 1 as a marker molecule. This molecule is an important asthma inducer and primarily produced in the sebaceous, salivary and anal gl...