Chronic stress contributes to preterm birth (PTB), through direct physiological mechanisms or behavioral pathways. This review identified interventions to prevent PTB through decreased maternal stress. Studies were grouped according to intervention: group prenatal care (11 studies), care coordination (8 studies), health insurance expansion (4 studies), expanded prenatal education/support in the...

Special education services in the country of Costa Rica have been affected by factors that most developing countries confront: shortages of trained personnel, geographic isolation of a large sector of the population, and severe economic limitations. Despite these challenges, services for students with learning disabilities in Costa Rica have rapidly expanded in the last 15 years through the dev...

This white paper outlines two major issues for the immediate future of computer science education: First, redefining our educational role in an academy where every field is deeply integrated with computing— adapting to pervasive computing. Second, working to better disseminate the pedagogical best practices developed and piloted in the CS education community—making great pedagogy pervasive. The...

BACKGROUND Nursing in Australian general practice has grown rapidly over the last decade in response to government initiatives to strengthen primary care. There are limited data about how this expansion has impacted on the nursing role, scope of practice and workforce characteristics. This study aimed to describe the current demographic and employment characteristics of Australian nurses workin...

Following the great expansion of secondary education in the United States between 1910 and 1940, Sweden was one of the first Western European countries to attempt such an expansion by increasing the years of compulsory schooling and and improving access to academic type education by abolishing early selection. The reform was preceded by a large scale area based social experiment where 25% of th...

BACKGROUND Pharmacy services in the emergency department (ED) have been shown to decrease medication adverse events and improve patient outcomes. Anecdotally, there has been expansion of emergency medicine (EM) educational opportunities for pharmacy students and postgraduate year 1 (PGY1) pharmacy residents, however the extent of this expansion is currently unknown. OBJECTIVE The objective of...

In the United States, a worsening shortage of primary care physicians, along with structural deficiencies in their training, threaten the primary care system that is essential to ensuring access to high-quality, cost-effective health care. Community health centers (CHCs) are an underused resource that could facilitate rapid expansion of the primary care workforce and simultaneously prepare trai...

background: self-care needs are major problems among stroke patients. nurses can support them through interventions such as education, a change in their attitude and emphasis on their remaining abilities. however, research has shown some weak points in the quality of care given to these patients. so the aim of this study was to improve the nurses’ practice in self-care education to stroke patie...