رعایت محافظه کاری، یکی از معیارهای ارزیابی کیفیت گزارشگری مالی محسوب می شود. کیفیت اطلاعات حسابداری تحت تاثیر مجموعه ای از عوامل قرار دارد که برخی از آنها ریشه در تقاضا برای چنین اطلاعاتی به منظور استفاده در ترتیبات قراردادی و بازارها (سرمایه و کار) دارد. استانداردهای حسابداری به عنوان مبنایی برای گزارشگری مالی محسوب می شوند و باعث افزایش کیفیت گزارشات مالی شده اند. استانداردهای حسابداری در ایر...

abstract the third millennium has started, but the world is facing with serious challenges in achieving international security and peace. various human rights violations have lead the states to find means to protect human rights. also article 55 of the united nations charter introduces the respect to human rights and fundamental freedom as the most suitable ways to realize peace and security. ...

as some definitions show, idioms are expressions whose meanings cannot be obtained from individual words. in every society, people use their own conceptions and feelings through different idioms and expressions. so every culture and society has their own idioms. some scholars proposed methods for translating idioms but baker’s strategies are very important and constructive. this research tried ...

most specialists in the field of foreign language teachingconsiderreading skill as an interactive process between the reader’s prior knowledge and the text.accordingly, the activation of prior knowledge for an effective comprehension is very important. it is generally agreed that the pre-reading phase is the stage where this type of interaction and activation may be enhanced throughcertain stra...