New imaging technologies are revealing ever-greater details of motor behavior in fetuses for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Understanding the form, mechanisms, and significance of fetal behavior will maximize imaging applications. The chick is readily available for experimentation throughout embryogenesis, making it an excellent model for this purpose. Yet in 40 yr since Hamburger and collea...

Background. Insufficient movement patterns may expose athletes to injury, so it is vital to recognize and rectify these movement patterns. Objectives. The purpose of this study was to assess the fundamental movement patterns and determine the effect of a four-week FIFA+11 program on functional movement screen (FMS) scores of junior soccer players. Methods. A pre-test post-test quasi-exp...

Many living bodies have the ability to learn temporal signals, such as motor commands. Elucidation of the learning mechanism of such temporal signals is important for understanding information processing in the brain. It is known that dynamic components generate the movement of the many organs in living bodies. For instance, motor commands for many basic locomotor patterns such as walking and s...

ObjectivesThis study investigated the structure of Test Gross Motor Development – 3rd edition (TGMD-3). Specifically, we examine bifactor structure, which simultaneously models a fundamental motor skills (FMS) general factor and specific factors for locomotor ball skills, compared to other models.DesignCross-sectional design using TGMD-3 normative sample.MethodsThe sample (N = 862) children (Ma...

Human walking must be flexible enough to accommodate many contexts and goals. One form of this flexibility is locomotor adaptation: a practice-dependent alteration to walking occurring in response to some novel perturbing stimulus. Although studies have examined locomotor adaptation and its storage by the CNS in humans, it remains unclear whether altered movements occurring in the leg contralat...

Autism is a severely incapacitating condition that typically appears during the first 3 years of life and is characterized by severe communication and other developmental and educational problems. Children with autism generally demonstrate poor motor skills. Consequently, rehabilitation programs should emphasize fundamental motor skills and patterns of movement, individual games and sports, and...

introduction: in this study, we investigated the role of n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda) receptors in the ventral hippocampus (vh) and their possible interactions with gabaa system on anxiety-like behaviors. methods: we used an elevated-plus maze test (epm) to assess anxiety-like behaviors and locomotor activity in male wistar rats. results: the results showed that intra-vh infusions of different d...