Speaking is one important skill in language learning. EFL students are sometimes faced with problems, while speaking to their interlocutors due to the lack of sufficient linguistic knowledge, and they have to quit the conversation. This study examines the use of speaking strategies by some Iranian male and female EFL university students .The use of these strategies was examined in relation to t...

Objective: The present study aims to investigate thought control strategies in Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), and the relationship of these metacognitive strategies with trait anxiety, as a construct of emotional vulnerability. Methods: 60 patients with diagnosis of GAD and MDD and 30 control subjects (nonpatients) were selected from the university stude...

The Use of Emotional Regulation Strategies in Reducing Test Anxiety during Test-Taking E. AryanaKia J. Hassani, Ph.D. It is well known that the use of emotional regulation strategies can reduce negative emotional experiences including anxiety. However, does the use of such strategies while taking an exam result in reducing test anxiety? To answer this question a cluster sample of 3...

this study examines the relationship between learners' gender and second language learning strategies among persian language learners. various researches indicate that using learning strategies have significant effects on learning language skills. since very few researches have been done on persian learners and persian learning strategies, such a research seems to be of great importance an...

Indirect reciprocity is a key mechanism for the evolution of human cooperation. Our behaviour towards other people depends not only on what they have done to us but also on what they have done to others. Indirect reciprocity works through reputation. The standard model of indirect reciprocity offers a binary choice: people can either cooperate or defect. Cooperation implies a cost for the donor...

The present study aimed to identify strategies used to realize the speech act of offerin Persian. To do so, 195 male and female native Persian speakers were selected fromdiverse age ranges, educational backgrounds, and social classes, and were assigned a36-item Discourse Completion Task (DCT) to elicit the speech act of offer. Thirtyfield workers also recorded naturally occurring interactions c...

oral communication strategies are conscious techniques that l2 interlocutors employ to overcome the communication breakdowns in the target language. hence, they can help to promote the effectiveness of communication ability. however, it must be noted that many variables can influence the use of these strategies. the present study, therefore, aimed to investigate the role of language proficiency...