As academic social scientists, human geographers are faced with a bewilderingly wide range of professional advice about the deployment or enactment of critical praxis. Elspeth Probyn’s autoethnographic call to a deepened interest in, and attachment to, one’s relation to the present, seems rather removed from David Wood’s highly charged rallying cry to do something useful. Yet, discursively diff...

place is a part of geographical space and a base for establishment of social relations. each place is unique according to its specific properties, functions and history. meanwhile, some places find symbol identity due to their especial historical events and properties and this identity would be maintained in the minds and moved to the other generations. for example azadi tower in tehran and sav...

Cultural ecology is today at a place of rapidly expanding interconnections with the growing number of human-environment approaches in geography and other fields. Productive interconnections are evidenced, for example, in the extensive debate and discussion within geography that surround the varied relations (e.g., theory, methods, roles of science and representation, scale and subject matter) o...

The Irish language has long been regarded in the popular mind as a correlate of Irish nationalism. A model expounded by the sociolinguist, Joshua Fishman, is applied to the evolution of Irish as a nationalist icon, and it is demonstrated that its divisive potential developed only gradually. In fact, it was an object of affection and admiration for many influential 19th century Protestants and u...