Introduction: Nowadays, one of the most important questions in teaching and learning involves increasing the degree of students’ engagement in learning. According to Astin’s Theory of Student engagement, the best learning environment is one in which it is possible to increase students’ engagement. The current study investigates the influences that using these networks for educational purposes m...

The use of visuals (e.g., videos, animations) to promote learning has been of great interest to researchers and educators. A key challenge is to determine the extent to which cognitively-based, instructional supports (e.g., prompts, feedback) can promote deeper understanding when students learn with visual materials. In this research, we explored the effects of deep vs. shallow questions on ind...

One of the uncontested linguistic uses of intonation is the marking of sentence-type. Intonation, however, can be a redundant cue to sentence type, as in English statements or absolute yes-no questions, or the only cue, as in declarative questions. We explore the realization of sentence prosody by advanced Spanish and Mandarin learners of English. Since the target-like realization of sentence p...

This article is another part of the research results conducted with aim developing a theory learning English as foreign language. The other has been reported in entitled Information Technology Used by Good Language Learners Millennial Era Solid State Volume 3 Issue 5. Theory development carried out utilizing best practice data source. question "What strategies are used high achievers millennial...

Critical pedagogy (CP) empowers L2 learners to have a voice in the classroom and in the society. This study was an attempt to investigate whether the current classroom discourse  in  Iran  can  endow  the  L2  learners with  a  critical  awareness  to  actively transform their learning processes and creatively engage in collaborative dialogues to construct new knowledge. To this end, the discou...

There is growing interest in learners’ cognitive capacities to process a second language (L2) at first exposure to the target language. Evidence suggests that L2 learners are capable of processing novel words by exploiting phonological information from their first language (L1). Hearing adult learners of a sign language, however, cannot fall back on their L1 to process novel signs because the m...

BACKGROUND Educational courses for doctors and medical students are increasingly offered via the Internet. Despite much research, course developers remain unsure about what (if anything) to offer online and how. Prospective learners lack evidence-based guidance on how to choose between the options on offer. We aimed to produce theory driven criteria to guide the development and evaluation of In...