This paper analyzes an optimal dynamic production control problem of a remanufacturing system in stochastic environment. The consists one inventory for serviceable items and virtual the used by customers which will be either remanufactured to or discarded. Demands lost if there is no available. At any decision epoch, maker has decide whether produce not raw materials, so as minimize long run av...

Detailed balance in reversible chemical reaction networks (CRNs) is a property possessed by certain chemical reaction networks (CRNs) when modeled as a deterministic dynamical system taken with mass-action kinetics whose reaction rate parameters are appropriately constrained, the constraints being imposed by the network structure of the CRN. We will refer to this property as reaction network de...

Estimation procedures for nonstationary Markov chains appear to be relatively sparse. This work introduces empirical  Bayes estimators  for the transition probability  matrix of a finite nonstationary  Markov chain. The data are assumed to be of  a panel study type in which each data set consists of a sequence of observations on N>=2 independent and identically dis...

Optimal designs minimize the number of experimental runs (samples) needed to accurately estimate model parameters, resulting in algorithms that, for instance, efficiently parameter variance. Governed by knowledge past observations, adaptive approaches adjust sampling constraints online as estimates are refined, continually maximizing expected information gained or variance reduced. We apply Bay...

Currently, Markov chain Monte Carlo methods attract much attention among statisticians, cf. e.g. Smith and Roberts (1993), Besag and Green (1993), Besag et al. (1994), Tierney (1994) and the accompaning discussions and references. The genesis of most ideas lies in statistical physics following the early work by Metropolis et al. (1953). In that paper the first Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm...

aim &background;: muslims fast from sunrise to sunset during ramadan, the 9th lunar month. the duration of fasting varies from 13 to 18 hrs per day. fasting individuals abstain from drinking liquids and eating foods. manypregnant women and gynecologists are concerned about the possible complicationsassociated with fasting and effects on fetal health. the aim of this study was to determine the e...

background: increased requirement and decreased dietary intakes of micronutrients during pregnancy might affect maternal health and pregnancy outcomes. this study was aimed to examine the effects of two types of multiple micronutrient supplementations on pregnancy outcomes in kashan, iran. methods: in a randomized single‑blind controlled clinical trial, 104 primigravid singleton pregnant women ...