This study tests the idea that mothers' self-efficacy beliefs mediate the effects on parenting behavior of variables such as depression, perceptions of infant temperamental difficulty, and social-marital supports. Subjects were 48 clinically depressed and 38 nondepressed mothers observed in interaction with their 3-13-month-old infants (M = 7.35 months). As predicted, maternal self-efficacy bel...

background & aim:  this study aimed to determine the relationship between lipid and apolipoprotein b-100 (apo b-100) levels in maternal and umbilical cord sera as well as the effects of these components on anthropometric measurements of newborn infants. methods:this correlational study was performed on 85 appropriate for gestational age (aga) newborns and their mothers. for analysis, 5 ml of ma...

The aim of the present study was the estimation of (co) variance components and genetic parameters for body weight of Moghani sheep, using random regression models based on B-Splines functions. The data set included 9165 body weight records from 60 to 360 days of age from 2811 Moghani sheep, collected between 1994 to 2013 from Jafar-Abad Animal Research and Breeding Institute, Ardabil province,...

  Objective(s): Previous studies have shown that thyroid hormones are necessary for normal development of many organs and because of the importance of skin as the largest and the most important organ in human body protection in spite of external environment, the study of thyroid hormones effects on skin development is considerable. In this survey we have tried to study the effects of maternal h...

Background: Since several factors, rather than a single cause, contribute to developmental delay in children, identification of the condition's risk factors and their pathway of effects are critical to the design and implementation of appropriate intervention .This study aimed to determine the relation between social determinants of maternal health and child development in Iranian mothers and t...

Causes of phenotypic variation are fundamental to evolutionary ecology because they influence the traits acted upon by natural selection. One such cause of phenotypic variation is a maternal effect, which is the influence of the environment experienced by a female (and her corresponding phenotype) on the phenotype of her offspring (independent of the offspring's genotype). While maternal effect...

BACKGROUND:Poor mental health is recognized as one of the greatest global burdens disease. Maternal crucial for optimal mothers and their children. We examined effects an Australian Nurse Home Visiting (NHV) program (right@home), offered to pregnant women experiencing adversity, on maternal well-being at child age 3 years.

Background: This study evaluated the effects of the maternal immune system stimulation or suppression during the pregnancy on the development of the neonate’s immune system.Methods: A total of 20 female rats were divided into four groups. The groups were treated using Leishmania major, Salmonella typhimurium, Tacrolimus, and sterilized normal saline. The animals were mated after 3-time tr...

Weaning weights from nine sets of Angus field data from three regions of the United States were analyzed. Six animal models were used to compare two approaches to account for an environmental dam-offspring covariance and to investigate the effects of sire x herd-year interaction on the genetic parameters. Model 1 included random direct and maternal genetic, maternal permanent environmental, and...

A maternal effect is a causal influence of the maternal phenotype on the offspring phenotype over and above any direct effects of genes. There is abundant evidence that maternal effects can have a major impact on offspring fitness. Yet, no previous study has investigated the potential role of maternal effects in influencing the severity of inbreeding depression in the offspring. Inbreeding depr...