Surfactants with an ester bond connecting the polar headgroup and hydrophobic tail are common. They easy to synthesize, they can often be made from natural raw materials their biodegradation profile is generally good, partly due lipase or esterase catalyzed breakdown of in sewage plants. A labile molecule may cause problems, however. formulated at relatively high pH it important that remain int...

various combustion characteristics and properties are studied while selecting a fuel for any engine. the choice of the engine and fuel are highly interrelated. vegetable oil is one obvious fuel particularly because their fuel properties are closer to diesel fuel. two important properties, the cetane number and the calorific value are similar to diesel. hence diesel engines can be operated on ve...

Control of EOF in microfluidic devices is essential in applications such as protein/DNA sizing and high-throughput drug screening. With the growing popularity of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) as the substrate for polymeric-based microfludics, it is important to understand the effect of surfactants on EOF in these devices. In this article, we present an extensive investigation exploring chang...

New chemical kinetic reaction mechanisms are developed for two of the five major components of biodiesel fuel, methyl stearate and methyl oleate. The mechanisms are produced using existing reaction classes and rules for reaction rates, with additional reaction classes to describe other reactions unique to methyl ester species. Mechanism capabilities were examined by computing fuel/air autoignit...

A series of pyridine-bridged 2,6-bis-carboxamide Schiff's bases has been prepared starting from 2,6-pyridinedicarbonyl dichloride (1) and L-alanine or 2-methyl-alanine methyl ester.The coupling of acid chloride 1 with L-alanine methyl ester hydrochloride -or 2-methylalanine methyl ester hydrochloride gave the corresponding 2,6-bis-carboxamide pyridine methyl esters 2a,b.Hydrazonolysis of 2 with...

The leaves of parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus L.) were extracted in ethanol and toxicity the extract was examined on khapra beetle (Trogoderma granarium Everts) larvae. Four concentrations (2, 4, 6 8 µL mL-1 acetone) applied directly larvae Petri dishes. Toxicity recorded after 12, 24 36 h. All had considerable effect mortality At highest concentration (8 mL-1), observed 57%, 72% 78% h, re...