insurers have in the past few decades faced longevity risks - the risk that annuitants survive more than expected - and therefore need a new approach to manage this new risk. in this dissertation we survey methods that hedge longevity risks. these methods use securitization to manage risk, so using modern financial and insurance pricing models, especially wang transform and actuarial concepts, ...

1.1 introduction “i see translation as the attempt to produce a text so transparent that it does not seem to be translated. a good translation is like a pane of glass. you only notice that it’s there when there are little imperfections- scratches, bubbles. ideally, there shouldn’t be any. it should never call attention to itself.” “norman shapiro” (venuti, 1995:1) edward fitzgerald is the br...

there are many approaches for solving variety combinatorial optimization problems (np-compelete) that devided to exact solutions and approximate solutions. exact methods can only be used for very small size instances due to their expontional search space. for real-world problems, we have to employ approximate methods such as evolutionary algorithms (eas) that find a near-optimal solution in a r...

bekenstein and hawking by introducing temperature and every black hole has entropy and using the first law of thermodynamic for black holes showed that this entropy changes with the event horizon surface. bekenstein and hawking entropy equation is valid for the black holes obeying einstein general relativity theory. however, from one side einstein relativity in some cases fails to explain expe...

A Survey of Waste Management Status in Selected Hospitals in Isfahan   Mirzaii Hiwa1, Shaarbafchi Zadeh Nasrin2*, Hamidi Farshad3, Rahmani Keyvan4, Darabi Marjan5, Ezatifard Akram5   1. BSc in Health Services Management, Student Research Committee, School of Management and Medical Information Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 2. Assistant Professor in Health ...

This paper is the result of a research titled ‘identifying management competency system based on Nahj-ol-Balagheh". Since in this re-search, the grounded theory was used, a conceptual model and hypo-thesis was not compiled. Based on the requirements of grounded theory research strategy, the primary question in this research was: what is the best system of management competency based on Nahj-ol-...

the main purpose of this study was to investigate any relationship between high school efl teachers metaphorical understandings of their role in class and their self-efficacy beliefs. teachers metaphors were elicited through two different prompts: one picturing what they believed a language teacher should be like in class, and the other demonstrating what they are actually like in class; such...