Recovery of manganese from ores was investigated by reductive leaching method using reeds as a reductant in the sulfuric acid medium. Cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin are natural reducing agents which widely used to recover manganese. Effects calcination temperature holding time on efficiency impurities were examined. The have significant effect extraction experimental results demonstrated ...

Traditional detection approaches for the dim moving target are addressed under the background of homogeneous sea clutter. However, the realistic clutter commonly appears inhomogeneous, resulting in the low detectability. A heterogeneous multiple-scan detection framework is described in this paper, which combines the inhomogeneous coherent integration in the dwell of single scan and the non-cohe...

In many domains of acoustic field propagation, such as medical ultrasound imaging, lithotripsy shock treatment, and underwater sonar, a realistic calculation of beam patterns requires treatment of the effects of diffraction from finite sources. Also, the mechanisms of loss and nonlinear effects within the medium are typically nonnegligible. The combination of diffraction, attenuation, and nonli...

P2DHMMs manage the assignment of observations to states quite well, whereas the calculation of probabilities is a great problem. To overcome some of the defects of P2DHMMs we propose the inhomogeneous P2DHMM (IP2DHMM). In contrast to some other approaches it is able to model consistently state duration and observation matrices of fixed height at no additional cost in computational load and numb...

A quantization scheme for the phenomenological Maxwell theory of the full electromagnetic field in an inhomogeneous three-dimensional, dispersive and absorbing dielectric medium is developed. The classical Maxwell equations with spatially varying and Kramers–Kronig consistent permittivity are regarded as operator-valued field equations, introducing additional currentand charge-density operator ...

Nano-particles consisting of a core surrounded by multiple outer shells (multishell particles) are used as novel functional materials as well as stiffeners/toughners in conventional composites and nanocomposites. In these heterogeneous particles, the mismatch of thermal expansion coefficients and lattice constants between neighboring shells induces stress/strain fields in the core and shells, w...

Abstract In this paper we demonstrated a method to reconstruct vector-valued lattice distortion fields within nanoscale crystals by optimization of forward model multi-reflection Bragg coherent diffraction imaging (MR-BCDI) data. The flexibly accounts for geometric factors that arise when making BCDI measurements, is amenable efficient inversion with modern toolkits, and allows globally constra...