the separation of olefin/paraffin mixtures is an important process in petrochemical industries, which is traditionally performed by low temperature distillation with a high-energy consumption, or complex extractive distillationand adsorption techniques. membrane separation process is emerging as an alternative for traditional separation processes with respect to low energy and simple operation....

In the permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM), force ripple is harmful, useless and disturbing. The force ripple is basically composed of two components: detent force and mutual force ripple. This force is influenced by the geometric parameters of the permanent magnet (PM) motors; such as width, thickness and length of the magnet poles, length and thickness of the rotor and stato...

Due to increasing applications of extended surfaces as passive methods of cooling, study of thermal behaviors and development of mathematical solutions to nonlinear thermal models of extended surfaces have been the subjects of research in cooling technology over the years. In the thermal analysis of fin, various methods have been applied to solve the nonlinear thermal models. This paper focuses...

The extended Kalman filter (EKF) is a popular state estimation method for nonlinear dynamical models. The model error covariance matrix is often seen as a tuning parameter in EKF, which is often simply postulated by the user. In this paper, we study the filter likelihood technique for estimating the parameters of the model error covariance matrix. The approach is based on computing the likeliho...

Most current methods for calculating radiative transfer treat radiance errors to the point where no one has seriously light as a scalar quantity, even though it is well known that a worried about the adequacy of the scalar approximation in proper description of light requires explicit recognition of its radiative transfer modeling. Moreover, the nature of radiative electromagnetic nature. Accor...