The analysis of chemical events in small volumes requires careful manipulation of samples and sensitive detection methods. Here, we describe the measurement of the neurotransmitter dopamine in a picoliter vial with electrochemical techniques. The vials were fabricated from fused-silica capillaries that provided a transparent container suitable for the observation and manipulation of a biologica...

An asymmetrical optimal viewing position (OVP) effect in isolated word recognition has been well documented, such that recognition speed and accuracy are highest when the point of fixation within the word is slightly to the left of center. However, there remains disagreement as to the source of the asymmetry in the OVP effect. One leading explanation is that perceptual acuity in isolated word r...

Substantial evidence indicates that where readers fixate within a word affects the efficiency with which that word is recognized. Indeed, words in alphabetic languages (e.g., English, French) are recognized most efficiently when fixated at their optimal viewing position (OVP), which is near the word center. However, little is known about the effects of fixation location on word recognition in n...

The development style of open source has a possibility to create new business markets for Regional IT industries. Some local governments are trying to promote their regional IT industries by adopting an open source in their electronic government systems. In this paper, we analyze the data of open source application policy of the Japanese government and case studies of promotion policy of local ...

In this paper we consider a two-level inventory system with one warehouse and one retailer with information exchange. Transportation times are constant and retailer faces independent Poisson demand. The retailer applies continuous review (R,Q)-policy. The supplier starts with m initial batches (of size Q), and places an order to an outside source immediately after the retailer’s inventory posit...

This paper draws on a number of recent studies to shed light on several policy issues raised by the impact of environmental policies on technological innovation. First, to what extent does induced innovation raise the overall net benefits to society from environmental policies? Second, how does induced innovation affect the appropriate choice among alternative environmental policy instruments? ...