This paper challanges the view that weak work norms in generous welfare states makes them economically unsustainable. I develop a dynamic model of family-transmitted values that has a laissez-faire equilibrium with strong work norms coexisting with a social-insurance equilibrium with weak work norms. While the former has better incentives, the latter induces more intergenerational occupational ...

The electronic networking of physical space promises wide-ranging advances in science, medicine, delivery of services, environmental monitoring and remediation, industrial production, and the monitoring of persons and machines. It can also lead to new forms of social interaction [..]. However, without appropriate architecture and regulatory controls it can also subvert democratic values. Inform...

introduction study of environmental behavior and the factors affecting it, is one of the most fundamental issues of interest to researchers in the interdisciplinary fields including environmental field. in this regard, the basic objective of this paper is to study of environmental behavior spillover. one of the determinant factors of forming behavior in the field of environment is “place”. indi...

Conservation investments are increasingly being implemented through payments for ecosystem services (PES) for the protection and restoration of ecosystem services around the world. Previous studies suggested that social norms have substantial impacts on environmental behaviors of humans, including enrollment of PES programs. However, it is still not well understood how social norms are affected...

During ROPME Winter Cruise 2006, twenty six surface sediment samples taken from the Northwestern part of the Persian Gulf at depths of 13-77m were analyzed for their foraminifera content. A total of 93 species of benthic foraminifera were found in the study area. The foraminifera assemblages were dominated by Ammonia beccarii, Spiroloculina excavata, S. depressa, Quinqueloculina dimidiata,...