abstract introduction: students with appropriate critical thinking disposition can facilitate the countries of scientific development, at the first step of endeavor toward the development is to have a valid and reliable instrument .this study carried out to determine validly and reliability of california critical thinking disposition inventory (cctdi) and critical thinking disposition of nursin...

Recent neuroimaging studies state that meditation increases regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). The present study employed functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to evaluate the relative hemodynamic changes in PFC during a cognitive task. Twenty-two healthy male volunteers with ages between 18 and 30 years (group mean age ± SD; 22.9 ± 4.6 years) performed ...

The idea is growing among educators that thinking skill needs to be given a direct attention. On one hand, critical thinking is supposed to broaden students’ thinking in all regards (Schafersman, 1991); and on the other hand learners’ attitudes towards the second language can affect both their performance in the class and their final accomplishment. To this end, the present study started with t...

Abstract Recent interest in teaching thinking has lead different researchers to examine different approaches in education to find effective methods and approaches for teaching thinking. Through a qualitative case analysis, this study attempted to identify the effects of the infusion model of teaching thinking implemented through a dialogic approach on a PhD candidate’s critical thinking skills....

Acknowledgements We would like to acknowledge the contribution of Anne Malcolm (Sydney, Australia) and Miriam Maluwa (UNAIDS, Geneva) to our thinking about these issues. Anne undertook one of the first reviews of the forms and determinants of HIV/AIDS-related stigma, discrimination, and denial for WHO/GPA and UNAIDS, elements of which have been utilized here. The opinions expressed herein are t...

When teaching and learning about alveolar ventilation with our class of 300 first-year medical students, we use four simple, inexpensive "models." The models, which encourage research-oriented learning and help our students to understand complex ideas, are distributed to the students before class. The students anticipate something new every day, and the models provide elements of surprise and p...

This paper reconsiders the question of how tacit knowledge is linked to regional competitive advantage by examining the different meanings given to the concept by different authors. What stands out most strongly is the way in which a concept that was first introduced to refer to deep, personal and embodied aspects of knowledge has come to stand for the shared but unspoken knowledge, beliefs and...