Background: Demographic changes all over the world confirm an increase in elderly populations, who require assistance and support. In order to plan support services this study aimed to compare support needs of urban and rural elders who referred to health centres in Kermanshah City, Iran, in 2016. Methods: The study design was descriptive-comparative. A total of 384 elderly (192 urban and 192 ...

BACKGROUND Skilled birth attendants (SBAs) provide important interventions that improve maternal and neonatal health and reduce maternal and neonatal mortality. However, utilization and coverage of services by SBAs remain poor, especially in rural and remote areas of Nepal. This study examined the characteristics associated with utilization of SBA services in mid- and far-western Nepal. METHO...

CONTEXT Rates of preterm birth (PTB) and low birth weight (LBW) vary by region, with disparities particularly evident in the Appalachian region of the South. Community conditions related to rurality likely contribute to adverse birth outcomes in this region. PURPOSE This study examined associations between rurality and related community conditions, and newborn outcomes in southern Appalachia,...

Currently urban spatial structures are affected by pervasive developments, which provoke a diversity and reorganization of population. This article examines the driving forces that cause urban-to-rural migration of population in the Austrian metropolitan area of Vienna using exploratory spatial analysis methods over the time period from 2001 to 2006. To model the qualitative changes between sub...

Background: Providing safe drinking water has critical importance to human societies. The aim of this study was to investigate microbiological quality of drinking water in distribution system of urban and rural regions of Ijroud, in Zanjan province.   Materials and Methods: In present descriptive study, the microbiological examination of drinking water was conducted in 15 facilities with...

This paper examines the characteristics of intercity bus riders within Tennessee and proposes methods to identify service gaps and prioritize network expansion, particularly focusing on rural-urban connections. Data were collected through an on-board survey and compared with intercity auto trips. Compared to personal auto users, intercity bus riders are more likely to be of minority races, unem...

Transportation is an important barrier to accessing obstetric care for many pregnant and postpartum women in low-resource settings, particularly in rural areas. However, little is known about how pregnant women travel to health facilities in these settings. We conducted 1633 exit surveys with women who had a recent facility delivery and 48 focus group discussions with women who had either a hom...