introduction: due to irregular growth and expansion of cities, especially in developing countries, various issues and difficulties have arisen in different economic, social and ecological fields and various measurements and approaches in order to supply desirable conditions for today and future generations. healthy city approach is one these approaches as today it’s a new mechanism proposed by ...

Higher density reduces distances, private car dependency and thus reduces greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs). As a result, increased density has been given a central role among urban development targets. However, it is not just travel behavior that changes along with density. Rather, the consumption patterns, or overall lifestyles, change along with changing urban structure, particularly with chan...

We present here an autonomous agent-based system tightly coupled with Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Our objective is to model a city’s dynamic in order to foresee both its urban evolution and the influence that the appearance of new settlements has on the overall electricity demand. This environment is deployed on a GIS-based Multi-Agent System platform where the geographical and commun...

Complexity theory provides a path toward understanding the development of ancient Andean societal progress from early settlements to later high population states. The use modern hydraulic engineering methods develop an technical achievements societies (paleohydraulics), when combined with complexity theory, role guide increase and group cooperation on kin statehood. An example case illustrating...

abstract geosystems or geomorphic systems include terrain structure with processes interactions that work as alone or common and create a series of terrain unites. geosystem elements consist of lines, points, surfaces, and volumes. the ways of relationships between the elements form spatial structure identity. the elements prepare spaces for different land uses, when they are located in ratio t...

Much previous research has problematized the use of a binary urban–rural distinction to describe human settlement patterns in and around cities. Peri-urban zones, on edge urban settlements, are important both sheer magnitude population terms being home vulnerable populations with high rates poverty. This Perspective presents framework that conceptualizes rural–urban transition through prism shi...

introduction society is a series of conditions and situations which makes the society sustainable and peaceful and fear and horror is finished from the public’s viewpoints. the insecurity of places and public spaces disrupt high spirits and health in life and it imposes extra expenses on the society by creating obstacles on the way of cultural growth and public cooperation. in this paper have b...

Shallow hand-dug wells are commonly used to supplement partial or intermittent piped water coverage in many urban informal settlements in sub-Saharan Africa. Such wells are often microbially contaminated. This study aimed to quantify the amount of such groundwater consumed, identify the socioeconomic profile of well owners and consumers, and patterns of domestic water usage in informal settleme...