in the past two decades several new approaches have emerged in archeology. new archeology which found its true nature in deep interdisciplinary relations created new approaches involving different sciences such as basic, natural, engineering, laboratory, geographical, social, human, etc. spatial archaeology is one of these new approaches. it is kind of recycling information of ancient civilizat...

One of the main hallmarks of human agglomeration is task specialization and an expanded division of labour and this relationship has been a long-standing topic of inquiry among archaeologists, anthropologists, sociologists, and economists. Recently, researchers investigating contemporary urban systems have proposed a novel explanation for this relationship grounded in a view of human settlement...

Maya and Aztec cities exhibited a distinctive kind of low-density urbanism common in ancient Mesoamerica. The non-monumental components of these cities differed from the high-density ancient and historical cities in the Old World that are often considered the norm for pre-modern urbanism. Distinctive features include the practice of intensive agricultural cultivation within urban settlements, r...

admiration for environment in general needs to be profoundly rooted in an understanding of history. urban history is unique not only in the fact that it reflects climate but also in that it cuts across many different fields. in most schools of urban studies many aspects of science and technology are taught with relation to design in order to attain skills for practice. during a student’s later ...

Admiration for environment in general needs to be profoundly rooted in an understanding of History. Urban history is unique not only in the fact that it reflects climate but also in that it cuts across many different fields. In most schools of urban studies many aspects of science and technology are taught with relation to design in order to attain skills for practice. During a student’s later ...

admiration for environment in general needs to be profoundly rooted in an understanding of history. urban history is unique not only in the fact that it reflects climate but also in that it cuts across many different fields. in most schools of urban studies many aspects of science and technology are taught with relation to design in order to attain skills for practice. during a student’s later ...

Cities in developing countries are expanding at a tremendous rate and informal settlements (where 40 to 80% of city dwellers live) occur in unplanned urban areas. In planned cities in developed countries, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and cellular automata (CA) are favourable tools for modelling urban dynamics. This paper discusses the growth of informal settlements, describes the tools ...