Introduction: Estrogen is one of the gonadal hormones that has multiple beneficial actions in central nervous system and involves in learning and memory. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that impairs patient memory. The human nucleus basalis of Meynert (nBM) is severely affected in Alzheimer's disease. So in this study the effect of peripheral (intramuscul...

Background:  Maternal sleep deprivation is known to reduce neurogenesis in the hippocampus during pregnancy. Also, it damages and impairs cognitive functions such as learning and memory in the neonates.  Objectives: Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) extract can play an important role in the treatment of cognitive impairments by inhibiting oxidative stress. This study aimed to investigate the r...

This study attempts to investigate the relationship between accuracy of different Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and fractal dimension D solve problem determining optimal catchment area threshold in plain watersheds. In this study, dimensions Shuttle Radar Topographic Survey (SRTM) V4.1 DEM, Hydrology 1K (HYDRO1K) Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission Reflection Radiometer Global (ASTER GDEM) wit...

The effects of acute and chronic treatment with ethanol on transport of reducing equivalents into mitochondria via the malate-aspartate shuttle were studied in perfused rat liver. The shuttle capacity was estimated from the decrease in rates of glucose production from the reduced substrate sorbitol caused by an increase in the NADH/NAD+ ratio in the cytosol due to metabolism of ethanol. The gre...

We read with interest Luzardo et al’s technical note in the December issue of the AJNR. Although we are pleased that the new Envoy 6F guide catheter (Cordis, Miami Lakes, Fla) facilitated a dualmicrocatheter procedure with a single arterial access, it should be noted that this is by no means a new technique. The 6F Envoy guide catheter with an inner diameter of 0.070 inches and outer diameter o...