We investigate algebraic, logical, and geometric properties of concepts recognized by various classes of probabilistic classifiers. For this we introduce a natural hierarchy of probabilistic classifiers, the lowest level of which comprises the naive Bayesian classifiers. We show that the expressivity of classifiers on the different levels in the hierarchy is characterized algebraically by separ...

: Picture yourself as a researcher in immunology. To begin your project, you ask a question: Do CD8 T cells require antigen to maintain a memory response? This question is of prime importance to numerous medical fields. In chronologic order, you digest the literature, but unfortunately, you hit a major stumbling block in the 1990s. The crux of the problem is that which so often happens in scien...

Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, Berkshire, United Kingdom Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, 1987 Upper Buford Circle, Saint Paul, Minnesota, 55108, USA Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK The Exelixis La...

This paper is concerned with some limited aspects of the history of two programming languages purpose-designed for students learning to program digital computers: Basic and Logo. The focus is the very different educational aims and philosophies of the originators of these languages. They are compared and their early use in schools sketched. While the reasons for teaching students to write progr...

The present article concerns statistical concepts that are usually presented in the statistical classroom. Examples are presented in a way that simple applications of these concepts produce incoherent conclusions. The examples illustrate that: iid random variables are in fact strongly dependent; conditional probabilities may depend on how the conditioning arguments were learned; confidence inte...

The relaxation of initially straight semiflexible polymers has been discussed mainly with respect to the longest relaxation time. The biologically relevant nonequilibrium dynamics on shorter times is comparatively poorly understood, partly because "initially straight" can be realized in manifold ways. Combining Brownian dynamics simulations and systematic theory, we demonstrate how different ex...