iv abstract this study examined the linguistic behaviors of two iranian efl teachers each of them teaching learners of two similar proficiency levels, a beginner level and an intermediate level, to investigate the relationship between the learners proficiency levels and the amounts and purposes for l1 use by the two teachers. the study was carried out to investigate whether there were differe...

to explore the idea the investingation proposed, aimed at finding whether the performances of the population of iranians students studying english in an efl context are consistent in l1 and l2 writing taks and whether there is a cross-linguistic transfer in this respect. in this regard the subjects were instructed to write four compositions-two in english and two in farsi-which consisted of an ...

abstract while task-based instruction is considered as the most effective way to learn a language in the related literature, it is oversimplified on various grounds. different variables may affect how students are engaged with not only the language but also with the task itself. the present study was conducted to investigate language and task related engagement on the basis of the task typolog...

  شاخص توسعه انسانی به عنوان یک پروکسی برای توصیف رفاه عمومی بیان می‌گردد، بنابراین، بررسی عوامل تأثیرگذار بر آن حائز اهمیت می باشد. تمرکززدایی مالی به عنوان سیاست های مالی از عوامل مهم اثر گذار روی شاخص توسعه انسانی است. در این تحقیق برآن شدیم تا اثر تمرکززدایی مالی را روی بهبود شرایط شاخص توسعه انسانی، با بهره‌گیری از رهیافت خودرگرسیونی با وقفه های گسترده (ARDL)، طی سال­های 1391-1371 برای دا...

in the present work, a simple and sensitive method was developed for determination of morphine and heroin using gold nanoparticles as resonance rayleigh scattering (rrs) and colorimetric technique’s probe. synthesized gold nanoparticles by sodium citrate reduction method have a negative charge layer on their surfaces because of self-assembled citrate anions on their surface. binding of morphin...

this work is presented in five parts. in the first part preparation of the starting complex [pt(c^n)cl(dmso)], 1, in which c^n = n(1),c(2?)-chelated, deprotonated 2-phenylpyridine, and dmso = dimethylsulfoxide, and its reaction with 1 equiv of the biphosphine ligands bis(diphenylphosphino)amine, dppa, or bis(diphenylphosphino)methane, dppm, to give the complex [pt(c^n)cl(dppa)], 2, or [pt(c^n)c...