Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is a statistical technique to analyze variation in a response variable (continuous random variable) measured under conditions defined by discrete factors (classification variables, often with nominal levels). Frequently, we use ANOVA to test equality among several means by comparing variance among groups relative to variance within groups (random error). Sir Ronald ...

Background and aims. Remineralization of incipient caries is one of the goals in dental health care. The present study aimed at comparing the effects of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate complex (CPP-ACP), Remin Pro(®), and 5% sodium fluoride varnish on remineralization of enamel lesions. Materials and methods. In this in vitro study, 60 enamel samples were randomly allocated to...

Background and Aim: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in Iran. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of existential-humanistic therapy in self-acceptance and marital satisfaction in women with breast cancer. Materials and Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test, post-test and follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population wa...

Repeated measures refer to the observations taken on the same subject (plant, animal, person, etc). There is usually a variation among the subjects, which is modeled by random effects. Here is an example. A completely randomized design with a single factor (with fertilizer or without). Each treatment is applied to three plants and the root length of each plant is measured on five occasions (wee...

Latent Growth Curve Models (LGCM) are discussed as a general data-analytic approach to the analysis of change. Conventional, but popular, methods of analyzing change over time, such as the paired t-test, repeated measures ANOVA, or MANOVA, have a tradition, which is quite different from the more recently developed latent growth curve models. While the former originated from the idea of variance...

Background: Chronic diseases in children lead to failure in the development of self-esteem and productivity. Self-efficacy decreases as one’s behaviors become more complex and difficult to deal with. Storytelling is an observational learning method, which is effective in improving self-efficacy. Aim: to determine the effects of storytelling on self-efficacy in children with thalassemia (aged 7-...