Scientists and philosophers have long wrestled with the problem of how we understand and make sense of our world. There are both descriptive and prescriptive approaches to understanding our world. On the descriptive side, theories of cognition, perception and thinking describe how we humans organize stimuli and make sense out of them. On the prescriptive side, there are two approaches to making...

Recent research has shown clear improvement in translation quality by exploiting linguistic syntax for either the source or target language. However, when using syntax for both languages (“tree-to-tree” translation), there is evidence that syntactic divergence can hamper the extraction of useful rules (Ding and Palmer 2005). Smith and Eisner (2006) introduced quasi-synchronous grammar, a formal...

We study multiple 3-branes on an F theory orientifold. The world-volume theory of the 3-branes is d = 4, N = 2 Sp(2k) gauge theory with an antisymmetric tensor and four flavors of matter in the fundamental. The solution of this gauge theory is found for vanishing bare mass of the antisymmetric tensor matter, and massive fundamental matter. The integrable system underlying this theory is constru...

We investigate the complete phase diagram of the decoupled world-sheet theory of (P,Q) strings. These theories include 1+1 dimensional super Yang-Mills theory and non-commutative open string theory. We find that the system exhibits a rich fractal phase structure, including a cascade of alternating supergravity, gauge theory, and matrix string theory phases. The cascade proceeds via a series of ...

O’Keefe and Nadel distinguish two paradigms for navigation, the “locale system” for map-based navigation and the “taxon (behavioral orientation) system” for route navigation. This paper models the taxon system, the map-based system, and their interaction; and argues that the map-based system involves the interaction of hippocampus with other systems. We relate taxes to the notion of an affordan...

Recently, a grand unification scenario in unphysical world has been proposed.1) The basic idea is as follows. Fields form multiplets under a unified gauge group and the gauge coupling unification originates from the gauge symmetry at a high-energy scale, as ordinary grand unified theories (GUTs).2), 3) Some members in multiples, however, are unphysical degrees of freedom, which are eliminated b...

We first review the interpretation of world-sheet defects as D branes described by a critical theory in 11 dimensions, that we interpret asM theory. We then show thatD-brane recoil induces dynamically an anti-de-Sitter (AdS) space-time background, with criticality restored by a twelfth time-like dimension described by a Liouville field. Local physics in the bulk of this AdS11 may be described b...

Collective dynamics on small-world networks emerge in a broad range of systems with their spectra characterizing fundamental asymptotic features. Here we derive analytic mean field predictions for the spectra of small-world models that systematically interpolate between regular and random topologies by varying their randomness. These theoretical predictions agree well with the actual spectra (o...