conclusions our findings revealed that specific factors, such as recall of sustained suffering in the course of recovery, members’ contribution, being part of a community, participation in collective classes, feelings of equality and co-leveledness, observation of others’ success, and rethinking, played significant roles in addiction recovery. patients and methods this descriptive phenomenologi...

the mechanisms of drug dependence and rewarding properties of opiates are not exactly known and several neurotransmitters seem to be involved. it is possible that the rennin-angiotensin system could interact with the opioid system, since it has been shown that angiotensin ii(ang) and ace inhibitors have analgesic, anticonvulsant and antidepression effects and in some cases they could antagonize...

introduction: our previous study has showed that chronic administration of magnesium oxide nanoparticles (mgo np) can reduce anxiety in adult male rat. in this study the effects of mgo np on anxiety induced by morphine withdrawal were investigated in adult male mice. methods: adult male nmri mice (weighing 27 ± 3 g) divided into groups: control, receiving intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of mgo...

background: matricaria chamomilla (mc) contains flavonoids such as apigenine which exerts benzodiazepine-like activity, therefore it may be helpful for morphine withdrawal syndrome treatment. in this study the effects of peripheral (ip) injection of mc hydroalcoholic extract was investigated on morphine withdrawal syndrome signs in rats. material &methods;: 24male wistar rats (200-250gr) were a...

Abstract Background: Long-term use of opioids has acute effects on homeostasis of the body. Discovering the impacts of opioids on hematological parameters of narcotics withdrawal and dependents blood may be helpful in recognizing the homeostasis condition of their body for the useful treatment. Methods: In this study a cross-sectional method was applied. The abusers of opium and her...

this paper presents the analysis of the onset and withdrawal dates and the duration of summer monsoon over nepal for last 63 years (1951-2013). the trend analysis revealed that both the onset and withdrawal of summer monsoon are delayed in recent years. the statistical analysis using cumulative deviation and worsley likelihood tests showed a step jump in mean withdrawal date after the year 1997...