The era of molecular medicine has ushered in the development of microscopic methods that can report molecular processes in thick tissues with high spatial resolution. A commonality in deep-tissue microscopy is the use of near-infrared (NIR) lasers with single- or multiphoton excitations. However, the relationship between different NIR excitation microscopic techniques and the imaging depths in ...

The use of near-infrared (NIR) light over 1000 nm (OTN-NIR or second NIR) is advantageous for bioimaging because it enables deep tissue penetration due to low scattering and autofluorescence. In this report, we describe the application of rare earth ion-doped ceramic nanoparticles to cancer-targeted NIR imaging using erbium and ytterbium ion-doped yttrium oxide nanoparticles (YNP) functionalize...

Indocyanine green (ICG), a FDA approved near infrared (NIR) fluorescent agent, is used in the clinic for a variety of applications including lymphangiography, intra-operative lymph node identification, tumor imaging, superficial vascular imaging, and marking ischemic tissues. These applications operate in the so-called "NIR-I" window (700-900 nm). Recently, imaging in the "NIR-II" window (1000-...

A new NIR fluorescent probe, NIR-Pd, for palladium species was designed and synthesized, based on a HD NIR fluorophore and deprotection of aryl propargyl ethers by palladium. The probe NIR-Pd displayed either a large NIR fluorescence turn-on or ratiometric response to palladium with high sensitivity and selectivity. Additionally, the novel NIR probe can monitor palladium species in live HeLa ce...

PURPOSE To analyze the occurrence of near infrared (NIR) fluorescence in relation to NIR reflectance, blue-light-excited autofluorescence, angiograms, and funduscopy. METHODS Observational consecutive case series in patients with macular diseases. Imaging was performed with a confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope for NIR reflectance, blue-light-excited autofluorescence, NIR fluorescence, and...

Herschel used thermometers to determine the heating effect of the sun's rays. He observed elevated temperatures " beyond the red. " Birth's classical diffuse reflectance experiment: All bottles contain same size glass particles. Media surrounding particles: (A) air, (B) water and (C) mineral oil. 1666—Newton disperses white light into colors 1668—Mariotte finds heat disappears when glass insert...