among the main factors of friendly commercial and political relations between safavid iran and india were reciprocal needs and policies of safavid kings concerning trade development. thus, various regions of iran, especially isfahan, had became a good market for indian goods. isfahan as a capital of safavid state was a centre of commercial activities of such indians as baniyans, multanians, and...

evliya chelebi (1611-1682), was an ethnically ottoman explorer who travelled through the territory of the ottoman empire and neighboring lands over a period of forty years, recording his commentary in a travelogue called the seyahatname. during his lifetime, evliya chelebi made three journeys to safavid iran: the first in 1646 to azerbaijan and caucasus, the second in 1647 which was a very shor...

the safavid era (1501–1736 ad) was the threshold of spreading security and welfare in the iranian society. the era provided the chance for the talented to set steps for advancement. one of the characters in the history of persian medicine who achieved successes in the shadow of the existing peace and security during the safavid empire was hakim imad al-din mahmud shirazi . while he was minister...

The study investigates the materials of Russian ambassade S. Islen’ev and M. Griazev to court Qizilbash shah Safī, stored in funds State Archive Ancient Acts. archival file is a set documents reflecting process exchange embassies between Tsardom Safavid Empire 1635–1637. aim embassy I. K. was discuss some topical issues bilateral relations such as duties, restitution cases, purchase Iranian nit...

This paper provides a reading of the trope “after Foucault” to indicate three lines of inquiry in Foucauldian studies with particular application to education: the postcolonial, following Edward Said; the biopolitical, following Giorgio Agamben; and the empire of capital, following Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri. This is a synoptic paper that engages with the question of how to read Foucault a...

In the ten years since the publication of Michael Hardt’s and Antonio Negri’s Empire, the relationship between Christianity and global capital has received increasing theological attention among the adherents, critics, sympathizers, and apostates of Radical Orthodoxy. At stake in this conversation is the possibility that Christianity might provide a universal ontology sufficient to ground a cou...

An active policy exercised by Tsar Peter I (Peter the Great of Russia) in East coincided with decline and fall Safavid Empire. The goal this article is to show Russian ambitions Caspian region 20–40s 18th century during reign Peter who wanted Russia gain full control over silk trade. This investigates methods used increase Russia’s influence region. historical sources discover reveal ...

While the subject of Venetian espionage in Ottoman empire has received scholarly attention, no attempt been made to study baili’s intelligence-gathering activities on Safavid issues a systematic way. Through close scrutiny baili dispatches and other relevant materials State archives, this paper examines role diplomats Istanbul information-gathering Safavids. It demonstrates that used various te...