In this article, we propose a special case of two-echelon location-routing problem (2E-LRP) in cash-in-transit (CIT) sector. To tackle this realistic problem and to make the model applicable, a rich LRP considering several existing real-life variants and characteristics named BO-2E-PCLRPSD-TW including different objective functions, multiple echelons, multiple periods, capacitated vehicles, dis...

This paper proposes a variant of the well-known capacitated vehicle routing problem thatmodels the routing of vehicles in the cash-in-transit industry by introducing a risk constraint. In the Risk-constrained Cash-inTransit Vehicle Routing Problem (RCTVRP), the risk of being robbed, which is assumed to be proportional both to the amount of cash being carried and the time or the distance covered...

The Cash-in-Transit (CIT) deals with the transportation of banknotes, coins, and other valuable items. Due to high-value density these products, incorporating security strategies in carrier operations is crucial. This paper proposes new CIT models involving deterministic stochastic time-varying traffic congestion. Since risk exposure a vehicle proportional time-dependent travel time, formula in...

We propose a new lightweight payment scheme for transit systems called P4R: Privacy-Preserving Pre-Payments with Refunds. In P4R a user deposits money to obtain a bundle of credentials, where each credential allows to make an arbitrary ride. The actual fare of a trip is determined on-the-fly when exiting. Overpayments are refunded where all trip refunds of a user are aggregated in a single toke...

Introduction: Renal dynamic study is a well-established and popular test in routine practice of nuclear medicine. The test is non-invasive, rapid and unique in evaluation of the kidney function. In despite of its clinical values, the parameters derived from renogram are physiologically meaningless. That is due to the fact that renogram is not the true kidney function. From mathematical po...

introduction: renal dynamic study is a well-established and popular test in routine practice of nuclear medicine. the test is non-invasive, rapid and unique in evaluation of the kidney function. in despite of its clinical values, the parameters derived from renogram are physiologically meaningless. that is due to the fact that renogram is not the true kidney function. from mathematical points o...