Drug has a great and crucial role inboth the health systems and the quality of life, and thereforeits shortage can cause death.In order to the important role of drugs,pharmaceutical supply chain(PSC) shouldensure that drugs are delivered to people in the right time with the best quality.On the other hand, thesupply chain (SC) members depend on each other for resources and information, and it ha...

In this study, a contract for vertical and horizontal coordination is developed in which transportation mode and carbon emissions tax play a key role in determining the values of the contract parameters. The contract is designed for simultaneous coordination of cooperative advertising and periodic review replenishment decisions of a supplier and two competitive retailers. To obtain the optimal ...

Structural health monitoring (SHM) involves continuous monitoring of a structure’s condition with near real-time analysis of sensed data. The emerging wireless sensor network (WSN) technology enables distributed data acquisition and processing for structure monitoring applications, which currently adopt a centralized solution, using a network of intelligent sensors. We design a robust WSN-based...

This paper is considering the competition between two multi-echelon supply-chains on price and service under balance and imbalance of market power between the chains which are analyzing through Nash and Stackelberg game approach. The problem is categorized as the centralized or decentralized structure of each chain, which means a few different possible scenarios are developing based on the Nash...

while conventional data envelopment analysis models set targets separately for each decision making unit, centralized recourse allocation model is presented where there is a centralized decision maker that supervises all the operating units. optimizing of total input consumption and total output production is the main aim of this model. in this paper, firstly the centralized output production m...

Change regions approximate dynamic instance nonmigratability through schema based approach. In a distributed process, each node may have a partial view of the structure of the whole process. The distributed structure-fragments may evolve independently at runtime. Established centralized algorithms to compute change regions cannot be directly applied to such a scenario, due to absence of a centr...

Multiply sectioned Bayesian networks (MSBNs) provide a framework for probabilistic reasoning in a single user oriented system in a large problem domain or in a cooperative multi-agent distributed interpretation system. During the construction or dynamic formation of a MSBN, an automatic verification of the acyclicity of the overall structure is desired. Although algorithms for testing acyclicit...

Centralized wage-setting institutions compress relative wages. Motivated by this fact, we investigate the effects of centralized wage setting on the industry distribution of em-ployment. We examine Sweden’s industry distribution from 1960 to 1994 and compare it to the U.S. distribution over the same period. We relate U.S.-Swedish differences in the industry distribution and their evolution over...