Qualitative conditionals of the form If A then normally B can be viewed as default rules, and they require a semantical treatment going beyond the models used in classical logic. Ranking functions assigning degrees of plausibility to each possible world have been proposed as an appropriate semantic formalism. In this paper, we discuss the computation of c-representations corresponding to partic...

The prevalent communications networks suffer from lack of spectrum and spectrum inefficiency. This has motivated researchers to develop cognitive radio (CR) as a smart and dynamic radio access promised solution. A major challenge to this new technology is how to make fair assignment of available spectrum to unlicensed users, particularly for smart grids communication. This paper introduces an i...

AIMS/INTRODUCTION Previous studies have suggested that chromium (Cr) is an essential cofactor for normal carbohydrate metabolism and affects insulin sensitivity, especially in rodent models. Several factors, such as insulin challenge, high carbohydrate intake, and response to stress (e.g., in obesity), alter Cr excretion or distribution. Glucagon is known to regulate carbohydrate metabolism and...

The effects of level of supplemental Cr from high-Cr yeast on performance, blood chemistry profile, morbidity, and immune status were investigated using 84 Charolais-crossed steer calves in a completely randomized design. Calves of 236-kg average weight, after transportation from Saskatchewan to Ontario, were randomly assigned to four treatments; 0, .2, .5, and 1 ppm of supplemental Cr, incorpo...

Abstract The tannery industry plays a significant role in the economy but poses severe environmental threat due to its high water and chemical usage, leading wastewater generation with concentration of pollutants. This contains range contaminants created throughout leather manufacturing process, making effluent disposal challenge for industry. tanning process also contributes significantly pH, ...

BACKGROUND The international initiative to standardize creatinine (Cr) assays by tracing reference materials to Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry (IDMS) assigned values was implemented to reduce interlaboratory variability and improve assay accuracy. OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were to examine whether IDMS standardization has improved Cr assay accuracy (bias), interlaboratory variabilit...

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is one of the main greenhouse gases and its emissions from vegetable production systems have brought a sustainability challenge. The objective this study was to evaluate potential reducing N2O silt loam soil by mixing nitrogen (N)-rich broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) residue with wheat straw or water-washed straw. An experiment conducted in randomized complete bloc...

Inflammation is an energy-intensive process, and caloric restriction (CR) could provide anti-inflammatory benefits. CR mimetics (CRM), such as the glycolytic inhibitor 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG), mimic the beneficial effects of CR without inducing CR-related physiologic disturbance. This study investigated the potential anti-inflammatory benefits of 2-DG and the underlying mechanisms in mice with li...

The adaptive response (AR) is a phenomenon by which cells exposure to sublethal doses of DNA-damaging agents (non-mutagenic dose of chemical or radiation), known as conditioning treatment (CT), leads to increased resistance to a subsequent exposure to a higher dose of the same or other agents, known as challenge treatment (CR). The adaptive response (AR) induced by radiation in human lymphocyte...