QUESTION What is the relationship between vibration of the chest wall and the resulting chest wall force, chest wall circumference,intrapleural pressure, and expiratory flow rate? Is the change in intrapleural pressure during vibration the sum of the intrapleural pressure due to recoil of the lung, chest wall compression, and chest wall oscillation? DESIGN Randomised, within-subject,experimen...

We report a case where endovascular stenting as part of the treatment of complex cardiovascular disease led to airway compression. Using a novel technique, this was successfully reversed. Simultaneous inflations of two balloons-one in the obstructed bronchus and one in the aorta combined with external compression of the chest-resulted in compression the stent. This report illustrates that by th...

Computational techniques are frequently used to compress image data so that transmission and storage requirements are reduced. If the computational techniques result in no loss in image resolution, the technique is referred to as lossless compression. Greater compression of data may yield some loss in spatial or temporal resolution, and is referred to as lossy compression. In some radiologic ex...

According to the thoracic pump model of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), the heart serves as a passive conduit for blood flow from the pulmonary to the systemic vasculature, necessitating an open mitral valve and anterograde transmitral blood flow during chest compression. To assess the applicability of this model to manual CPR techniques, two-dimensional echocardiograms were recorded from ...

Interposed abdominal compression cardiopulmonary resuscitation (IAC-CPR) is an alternative technique to traditional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) that can improve perfusion and lead to restoration of circulation in patients with chest wall deformity either acquired through vigorous CPR or co-morbidity such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We report a case of out-of-hospital cardi...

Objective: To evaluate cough efficiency using two manually-assisted cough techniques. Methods: We selected 28 patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. The patients were receiving noninvasive nocturnal ventilatory support and presented FVC values < 60% of predicted. Peak cough flow (PCF) was measured, with the patient seated, at four time points: at baseline, during a spontaneous maximal expir...

We present optimal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) technique based on body weight using optimal control theory. The validated blood circulation model of CPR has been modified for various body weights by the scaling law. The external chest and abdomen pressures are chosen as controls and the goal is to maximize the mean systemic perfusion pressure (SPP). The numerical results show that four ...