grade control structures are hydraulic structures used to stabilize a river bed. scour downstream of this structure is the main cause of its failure. studies have developed numerous empirical relations for scour depth prediction that designers must choose between to decide the most effective equation for a specific application. this study tested the condition of submerged jets over beds of sedi...

The occurrence of catastrophic earthquakes necessitates further researches in the structure engineering for retrofitting construction structures. In this paper, the application of the active control in the structures’ seismic response has been addressed. A single degree of freedom nonlinear structure has been studied. The nonlinear dynamic of the structure is considered in which, the nonlinear ...

in this paper the control algorithm for controlled civil structures subjected to earthquake excitation is thoroughly investigated. the objective of this work is the control of structures by means of the pole placement algorithm, in order to improve their response against earthquake actions. successful application of the algorithm requires judicious placement of the closed-loop eigenvalues from ...

rade control structures are used to control bed erosion in steep small rivers mostly in the mountains. scour downstream of this structure can lead to failure. over the past years, the effect of different variables on this phenomena have been studied, however the effect of upward seepage which is common due to head difference of the banks water table or water surface level between the upstream a...