pricing policies play an important role in water demand management and its optimal allocation. determining proper water price leads to optimal allocation of water especially in agricultural consumptions. applying new subsidy targeting law in iran which insists on pricing water based on its supply cost, will effects considerably on water resource management in agriculture sector. so, in this stu...

Few studies analyze the endogenous emergence of price competition in a new product market. This paper analyzes two differentiated products, an existing and newly introduced substitutable product, investigates conditions under which endogenously emerges market context choice between engaging holding leadership. We demonstrate that Bertrand when setup cost for is high enough. result implies gover...

This paper focuses on the design of cost sharing rules to optimize the efficiency of the resulting equilibria in cost sharing games with concave cost functions. Our analysis focuses on two well-studied measures of efficiency, termed the price of anarchy and price of stability, which provide worstcase guarantees on the performance of the (worst or best) equilibria. Our first result characterizes...

Airline rescheduling is a relatively new field in airline Operations Research but increasing amounts of traffic will make disturbances to the original schedule more frequent and more severe. Thus, the need to address the various problems arising from this situation with systematic, cost-efficient approaches is becoming more urgent. One such problem is crew rescheduling where after a disturbance...

Health care reform is directed toward improving access and quality while containing costs. An essential part of this is improvement of pricing models to more accurately reflect the costs of providing care. Transparent prices that reflect costs are necessary to signal information to consumers and producers. This information is central in a consumer-driven marketplace. The rapid increase in high ...

interest as investment opportunity cost or in other words cost of obtaining the credit requirement in the production process, have a key role in the good's cost price and hence it's necessary to control this kind of variables that have harmful effects on the interest rate's trends. among this, the unexpected changes in some variables that can have destructive effects on interest ...