many factors may be involved in determining why some students are more and some are less proficient in language. this study tried to explore the factors affecting iranian efl learners’ proficiency. 221 students at second, third and fourth year of university, including 50 male and 171 female were selected randomly to participate in the study. a researcher-made questionnaire and a proficiency tes...

This chapter proposes to the discussion a set of principles for a design-oriented analysis of technico-organisational systems as dynamic, living, social and cultural systems, through eleven questions. After developing an ontological notion of complexity adequate to technico-organisational systems, these questions deal with the different theoretical, epistemological and methodological (data coll...

38 troversial questions, and most contributions favoured the view that delinquency is learned behaviour. While there is little fresh knowledge of how to unlearn it, yet the approach is promising in its potentiality for prevention. It is likely that measures directed towards society as a whole will be the most promising direction for prevention, rather than the so far somewhat sterile endeavour ...

People’s control over their sexual lives and choices is in turn shaped by gender-related values and norms defining masculinity and femininity. These culturally-defined gender values and norms evolve through a process of socialization starting from an early stage of infancy. They determine and reinforce themselves through traditional practices such as wife sharing, widowhood related rituals, ear...

      The purpose of the present research is to determine whether there are sexual taboos among young people age from 15 to 30 residing in Tehran and to investigate the factors affecting this social issue. This research attempts to answer three questions and to obtain the empirical support for 8 main hypotheses. In this study, the target population is all the young people residing in Tehran age...

background: the south-southern zone of nigeria is one of the zones in the country that has reported consistent high prevalent rates of hiv/aids pandemic in the last decade. in spite of bio-medical reasons adduced for the spread of the pandemic, socio-cultural factors may be major issues in the access to both prevention and treatment services especially for women. hence, this study investigated ...

Spatially, like temporally, coordinated patterns of behavior are basic to the personal adjustment of all human beings. They involve frmdamental dimensions of experience and are a necessary condition of psychological maturity and social living. Without the capacity for space perception, spatial orientation and the manipulation of spatial concepts, the human being would be incapable of effective ...

Compared to the other senses, smell is linguistically challenged. Colors and shapes; tastes and textures, each have their armory. A tomato is ‘red’ and ‘round’. A lemon is ‘smooth’ to touch and has a ‘sour’ taste. Each sensory domain has its own lexical field: a set of words codifying the distinctions in that modality. Smell stands apart. When asked to name familiar, everyday scents English spe...