Contracts specifying a procedure’s behavior in terms of pre- and postconditions are essential for scalable software verification, but cannot express any constraints on the events occurring during execution procedure. This necessitates to annotate code with intermediate assertions, preventing full specification abstraction. We propose logic over symbolic traces able specify recursive procedures ...

This paper discusses and compares various answers to the question when argumentation is deductive. includes an answer questions defeasible whether a subclass of deductive or it distinct form argumentation. It concluded that as conceived by Philosophers like Pollock Rescher formalised in ASPIC+ framework systems Defeasible Logic Programming, are semantically different categories. For this reason...