Exchange rate policy has assumed an added importance in recent years due to changing global economic conditions. This paper has examined the foreign exchange reserves, real and effective exchange rate response of imports demand in Pakistan using both classical and time series econometrics approaches. The real depreciation of the exchange rate has been found to have dampening impact on import de...

Abstract: Central banks have long been interested in obtaining precise estimations of money demand given the fact that the evolution of money demand plays a key role over several monetary variables. One implication of currency substitution is that the exchange rate could serve as another determinant of the demand for money. Due to the recent currency crisis in Iran, it would be important to inv...

with the development of restructured power systems and increase of prices in some hours of day and increase fuel price, demand response programs were noticed more by customers. demand response consists of a series of activities that governments or utilities design to change the amount or time of electric energy consumption, to achieve better social welfare or some times for maximizing the benef...

The impact of different energy storages on power systems has become more important due to the development of energy storage technologies. This paper optimizes the stochastic scheduling of a wind-based multiple energy system (MES) and evaluates the operation of the proposed system in combination with electrical and thermal demand-response programs and the three-mode CAES (TM-CAES) unit. The prop...

Open Automated Demand Response (OpenADR), an XML-based information exchange model, is used to facilitate continuous price-responsive operation and demand response participation for large commercial buildings in New York who are subject to the default day-ahead hourly pricing. We summarize the existing demand response programs in New York and discuss OpenADR communication, prioritization of dema...

Microgrids (MGs) contain a diverse mix of energy resources to provide safe and secure power to the consumers. Batteries are utilized in MGs for further energy security assurance as well as cost minimization. In this paper, an efficient approach is introduced for simultaneous energy management and optimal battery sizing to accomplish economic MG operation. Also, demand response programs are empl...

a central problem ill empirical macroeconomics is to determine when and how much the exchange rate is misaligned. this paper clarifies and calculates the concept of’ the equilibrium real exchange rate, using a structural vector auto regression (var) model. by imposing long—run restrictions on a var model for iran, lour structural shocks are identified: nominal demand, real demand, supply and oi...

In this paper I estimate the labor demand response of Hungarian exporting firms to real exchange rate movements. The use of firm level export/import data enables me to separate two channels through which the exchange rate affects labor demand. First, a real depreciation raises the forint-equivalent price of foreign competitors, thereby boosting demand for the firm’s export and, hence, the firm’...