There is a growing consensus that reducing childhood malnutrition is a critically important goal, but there is far less agreement on what strategies can best achieve that goal. Are more nutrition-specific interventions required, such as food and nutrient supplements or training and education programs? Or does the answer lie in broader social developments such as rising incomes, increased food s...

We propose an epistemic theory of micro-economic interactions, termed Economic Harmony. In the theory, we modify the standard utility, by changing its argument from the player’s actual payoff, to the ratio between the player’s actual payoff and his or her aspired payoff. We show that the aforementioned minor epistemic modification of the concept of utility is quite powerful in generating plausi...

urban areas formation and development are considered as the main symbols of prosperity. in the early nineteenth century, when there the global evolution was at its astonishing rate and cities, with their active economic elements, found an outstanding role, iranian society involved internal crisis. this not only ended the political and economic role of cities in important interactions off but al...

economic sanctions appear to be a common feature of political interactions between states. economic sanctions have become increasingly important as alternative to military conflict since the last decade of twentieth century. this paper provides, through a gravity model, an estimation of the impact of economic sanctions on bilateral trade flows between iran and its major trading partners during ...

This paper analyzes the equilibrium distribution ofwealth in an economywhere firms’ productivities are subject to idiosyncratic shocks, returns on factors are determined in competitivemarkets, dynasties have linear consumption functions and government imposes taxes on capital and labour incomes and equally redistributes the collected resources to dynasties. The equilibrium distribution of wealt...