This paper proposes a methodology for practical siting and sizing of Hybrid energy systems (HESs) consist of: wind turbine (WT), photovoltaic (PV) and combined heat and power (CHP) units. In this method, the interaction of Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PIEVs) in the electric distribution system is considered. Electric Vehicle are seen to have some negative impacts on electric distribution system p...

by developing the level of life in societies, the need for new resources of energy becomes more important. in almost all cases, the aim is to convert one form of energy to the electrical form. with advances of technology and use of new electric and electronic devices and gadgets, the need for electrical energy is increasing and providing stable and continuous electric power becomes very importa...

Currently, the electric industry is undergoing a complete transformation and restructuring due to the concurrent convergence of deregulation and the advent of Distributed Generation (DG). Some years ago, electricity was produced in some big power plants and a few vertically integrated electric utilities covered all the steps in the electricity supply: generation, transmission, distribution and ...

2 the output of " utility scale " DERs (> one megawatt). In addition, existing industry standards define advanced functions for DER only at the individual device level, and lack the more aggregated, feeder-level representations that are needed for enterprise integration. This white paper describes ongoing research at the Electric Power Research Institute that is exploring Various ways in which ...

this paper is concerned with the estimation of total factor productivity (tfp) growth for the iranian electric utilities during the period 1980-1993 on the basis of panel data. a translog cost function is used which accommodates firm - specific variability through a one - way error component model. the results show that the iranian electricity supply industry experienced increasing returns to s...

Distributed energy resources DER constitute a relatively new paradigm in the electric power industry. The concept is gaining popularity because of the inherent modularity of DERs. They can be regarded as more flexible power sources, albeit with limited capacity, than centralized power units. DERs are power generation or storage units that are connected directly to the distribution network or co...