the metropolis – mashhad- is the biggest population center in the east of iran which has high dominate. because of different issues such as religious aspects, being the official and political center of state, high level of professional services and also for its industrial and commercial centralization. due to all these centralizations, it rolls out like a metropolis. it expanded continually and...

Ancient architecture is an important cultural symbol of a nation, which has high historical, artistic and technology of cultural value. A building not only carries the creator of effort, but also the past with the future of the historical traditions and humanistic significance. It is not purely construction of artistic expression, even more the witness of the production and development of socia...

Regional variation is an integral part of Japanese historical demography. At least three different patterns of population and family are suggested to have coexisted in three geographic boundaries in early modern Japan: northeast, central, and southeast. However, the evidence for the three patterns are either based on macro level studies or on micro level studies of a few villages in each region...

Protection against coastal disasters has been identified as an important service of mangrove ecosystems. Empirical studies on this service have been criticized, however, for using small samples and inadequately controlling for confounding factors. We used data on several hundred villages to test the impact of mangroves on human deaths during a 1999 super cyclone that struck Orissa, India. We fo...

Special interest tourism is currently developing and becoming one of the favourite destinations for tourists. One conceptual developments special by urban villages. The village miniatures Indonesia which contains various kinds cultural wealth, history, social values, etc. Kayutangan heritage villages developed Malang City Government as a tourist destination in middle City. character enriched wi...