The relationship between technology and international competitiveness dates back to the neo-technological trade theories of the 1960s. This approach considers difference in technology as the primary motive for difference among nations in terms of trade performance. The technology gap approach emphasizes inter-country differences in innovativeness as the basis for international trade flows. The ...

We study trade imbalances between world countries in the period 1960-2000 using a complex-network approach. We show that trade imbalances in absolute value are characterized by a hierarchical arrangement wherein few rich economies display high clustering and carry an important amount of global-trade imbalances. In contrast, trade imbalances in relative terms show a more fragmented topology, wit...

a r t i c l e i n f o Keywords: Slicing up the value chain Carbon dioxide emissions International fragmentation of production Information and communication technology This paper investigates the slicing up the value chain and the accompanied carbon dioxide emissions linked to the international trade of global information and communication technology (ICT) manufacturing sector, the most dynamic ...

Globalization is accompanied by increasing current account imbalances. They can undermine the positive impacts of increasing international cooperation and trade on economic growth. By applying an economic growth model that requests for long-term compensation of short-term current account deficits, we derive patterns of international trade. Model output, however, is challenged by empirical data ...

T his paper investigates the gain of bilateral trade between China and U.S. in manufacturing sectors when both countries play a role in asymmetric (biased) growth of  international trade. Our model includes a special case of Biased Growth Theory in international trade. We collected labor productivity, export and import data by using classification of manufacturing industries, for U.S...

During the past half-century, states have established a large number of international trade institutions, both multilateral and regional in scope. The existing literature emphasizes that these agreements are chiefly designed to liberalize and increase the flow of overseas commerce. Yet such institutions have another function that has been largely ignored by researchers, namely, reducing volatil...

Globalization is integration of national economies in global economy and infers on increasing the flow of goods and services. In this study the consequences of globalization were studied through the analysis of Level of International Trade index (LIT) in the caviar export equation. The required data were gathered from Statistical Yearbook of Foreign Trade, Statistical Yearbook of fisheries, Sta...

arbitration is a private justice for the settlement of disputes in the international trade. by reason of number of benefits, international traders prefer the arbitration in relation to the justice tosettle their disputes. confidentiality is one of those benefits. here, there are some questions: is there any source in international commercial judgment that indicates the confidentiality of judgme...