this study was conducted to extract first, the underlying factors of home culture attachment scale (hcas) and second, to confirm these factors via structural equation modeling (sem) analysis. to meet this end, the scale was distributed to 374 english language learners in private language institutes in mashhad, iran. to determine the construct validity of the scale, exploratory factor analysis (...

Underlying the recently developed notions of applied ELT and life syllabus is the idea that language classes should give precedence to learners’ life qualities, for instance emotional intelligence (EI), over and above their language skills. By so doing, ELT is ascribed an autonomous status and ELT classes can lavish their full potentials to the learners. With that in mind, this study aimed to d...

introduction: children with pragmatic language impairment have problems with appropriate use of language according to age and context. assessment and intervention plans designed to be used with a pragmatically impaired child were discussed in this study. materials and methods: the primary method of data collection adopted in this study was observation method. accordingly, communicative partner ...

This study was conducted to extract first, the underlying factors of Home Culture Attachment Scale (HCAS) and second, to confirm these factors via Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis. To meet this end, the scale was distributed to 374 English language learners in private language institutes in Mashhad, Iran. To determine the construct validity of the scale, Exploratory Factor Analysis (...

this study is aimed at investigating the general foreign language classroom anxiety levels of iranian university students through administering horwitz scale (flcas) in addition to examining their reading anxiety through replicating saito’s reading comprehension anxiety scale (flras). the researchers further checked the former by developing and performing a new five–point likert type questionna...

Modern machine-learning applications require huge artificial networks demanding computational power and memory. Light-based platforms promise ultrafast energy-efficient hardware, which may help realize next-generation data processing devices. However, current photonic are limited by the number of input-output nodes that can be processed in a single shot. This restricted network capacity prevent...