Traditional vehicle air conditioning systems condition the entire cabin to a comfortable range of temperature and humidity regardless of the number of passengers in the vehicle. The A/C system is designed to have enough capacity to provide comfort for transient periods when cooling down a soaked car. Similarly for heating, the entire cabin is typically warmed up to achieve comfort. Localized he...

The biophysical effects of forests on climate have been extensively studied with climate models. However, models cannot accurately reproduce local climate effects due to their coarse spatial resolution and uncertainties, and field observations are valuable but often insufficient due to their limited coverage. Here we present new evidence acquired from global satellite data to analyse the biophy...

Calabazas Creek Research, Inc. is funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration to develop efficient, light-weight, backward wave oscillators (BWOs) for applications from 300 GHz to 1 THz. These devices are needed as local oscillator (LO) sources in heterodyne receivers. Very low noise heterodyne receivers are needed at submillimeter wavelengths for low-background radioastronomy o...

The effect of local and whole-body heating and cooling on plasma fibrinolytic activity has been investigated in 59 subjects. An increase in whole-body temperature and both local cooling and heating increased the fibrinolytic activity. The results demonstrate that the application of local heat or cold will produce a local increase in fibrinolytic activity which is independent of general factors ...

Digital skin vasoconstriction on local cooling is exaggerated in primary Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) as compared with controls. A significant part of such vasoconstriction relies on the inhibition of the nitric oxide (NO) pathway. We tested the effect of the phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitor sildenafil, which potentiates the effect of NO, on skin blood flow. We recruited 15 patients with prima...

Using a local model Gammie (2001) has shown that accretion discs with cooling times tcool ≤ 3Ω −1 fragment into gravitationally bound objects, while those with cooling times tcool > 3Ω −1 evolve into a quasi-steady state. We use three-dimensional smoothed particle hydrodynamic simulations of protoplanetary accretion discs to test if the local results hold globally. We find that for disc masses ...