In recent years, the microbiome has been recognized as a key regulator of immune responses. Evidence suggests that changes in the microbiome can lead to chronic disease and even exacerbation of the disease. Impairment of innate immunity resulting from microbial incompatibility may worsen host susceptibility to infection and exacerbate chronic lung diseases. Specific microbes play a key role in ...

transforming growth factor-beta (tgf-β) is one of the most important cytokines implicated in growth, differentiation, repair and also the pathogenesis of the lung fibrosis by its stimulatory effect on extracellular matrix deposition. pulmonary epithelial cells are considered as a source of tgf-β in lung. substance p (sp), as a neuroimmunomodulator has elevated levels in inflamed airways and alt...

This paper presents four cases of abnormal soft tissue activity in the bone scan of patients with different lesions (lung inflammatory pseudotumor, pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary metastatic osteosarcoma and metastatic hepatic carcinoma of colon).

conclusions it seems that in advanced cases of cf, at older ages and with lack of appropriate medical care, severity, prevalence, and appearance of lung lesions do not follow a definite specific pattern. therefore, a similar study is suggested in older patients with a larger sample size for comparison of results. results all studied patients had bronchiectasis and peribronchial wall thickening ...

The technique of transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) has expanded the diagnostic yield of bronchoscopy . In this article we are presenting 54 patients with diffuse pulmonary parenchymal involvement who underwent this procedure during six years between June 1980 and December 1989. The diagnostic yield of this technique in diffuse pulmonary parenchymal disease is great and was 66 percent exclu...

    Many studies have been performed for treatment or prevention of pulmonary fibrosis. However, no effective treatment has been found yet. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of grape seed extract on bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in rat. Hydroalcoholic extract of grape seed (Vitis vinifera) was prepared using maceration method. NMRI rats weighing 250-300 g were given...