OBJECTIVE Metacognitive methodologies are used to examine the integrity of self-referential processing in healthy adults and have been implemented to study disorders of the self-concept in neurologic and psychiatric populations. However, the extent to which metacognitive evaluations assess a uniquely self-evaluative capacity that cannot be explained fully by primary cognitive functions, demogra...

background: several studies have shown that attentional bias plays a role in the beginning, persistence and relapse of substance abuse disorder. therefore, identifying the factors related to attentional bias in substance abusers is important. in so doing, the present study was aimed at examining the relationship between attentional bias, anxiety sensitivity and metacognitive beliefs in substanc...

The Self-Regulatory Executive Function model [S-REF; Wells, A., & Matthews, G. (1996). Modelling cognition in emotional disorder: the S-REF model. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 34, 881-888] proposes that metacognitive beliefs, inflexible self-focused attention, and perseverative thinking (rumination and worry) play an important role in maintaining emotional dysfunction. Attention training [AT...

Metacognition helps educators develop better teaching and learning strategies, contexts, materials. But, the development use of good strategies materials as guided by metacognition require understanding how it promotes efficiency cognitive system in learning. This article proposes a cognitive-metacognitive that illustrates metacognitive based on pioneers’ research subject (1979 to 2009). Cognit...

The ability to recognize one's own successful cognitive processing, in e.g., perceptual or memory tasks, is often referred to as metacognition. How should we quantitatively measure such ability? Here we focus on a class of measures that assess the correspondence between trial-by-trial accuracy and one's own confidence. In general, for healthy subjects endowed with metacognitive sensitivity, whe...

In daily conversations, what information do people use to assess their conversational partner’s explanations? We explore how a metacognitive cue, in particular the partner’s confidence or uncertainty, can modulate the credibility of an explanation. Two experiments showed that explanations are accepted more often when delivered by an uncertain conversational partner. Participants in Experiment 1...

Apes, dolphins, and some monkeys seem to have metacognitive abilities: They can accurately evaluate the likelihood that their response in cognitive task was (or will be) correct. These certainty judgments are seen as significant because they imply that animals can evaluate internal cognitive states, which may entail meaningful self-reflection. But little research has investigated what is being ...