although the biokinetics, metabolism, and chemical toxicity of atorvastatin calcium are well known, until recently little attention was paid to the potential toxic effects of atorvastatin calcium on re-production and development in mammals. in recent years, it has been shown that atorvastatin calcium is a developmental toxicant when given orally or subcutaneously (sc) to mice. decreased fertili...

Maternal smoking has been recognized as a common cause of low birth weight, preterm birth and the decrease of gestational age period. Unfortunately, there is an increasing interest within public especially woman in Iran in the tobacco products consumption. On the other hand, the deleterious effect of maternal smoking on human fetus in pregnancy period especially in the first trimester encourage...

Maternal smoking has been recognized as a common cause of low birth weight, preterm birth and the decrease of gestational age period. Unfortunately, there is an increasing interest within public especially woman in Iran in the tobacco products consumption. On the other hand, the deleterious effect of maternal smoking on human fetus in pregnancy period especially in the first trimester encourage...

Although the biokinetics, metabolism, and chemical toxicity of atorvastatin calcium are well known, until recently little attention was paid to the potential toxic effects of atorvastatin calcium on re-production and development in mammals. In recent years, it has been shown that atorvastatin calcium is a developmental toxicant when given orally or subcutaneously (SC) to mice. Decreased fertili...

conclusions tachyzoite of toxoplasma and dna of this parasite were observed in sub mucosa and muscles of the uterus and in the villis of placenta, but not in histological sections of the fetus. therefore, histological and molecular results were consistent. background toxoplasma gondii is an important zoonotic pathogen. vertical transmission of the parasite occurs when females were infected prim...

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), an enzyme involved in the catabolism of tryptophan, is expressed by a variety of cells and tissues such as macrophages, dendritic cells, cells of the endocrine system and by the placenta. IFN- γ is the main inducer of this enzyme. IDO acts as an important defense mechanism of innate immunity against pathogens. It also has tumor suppressive activity and prolong...

indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (ido), an enzyme involved in the catabolism of tryptophan, is expressed by a variety of cells and tissues such as macrophages, dendritic cells, cells of the endocrine system and by the placenta. ifn- γ is the main inducer of this enzyme. ido acts as an important defense mechanism of innate immunity against pathogens. it also has tumor suppressive activity and prolong...