Tradition has it that first-person thought is somehow special. It also commonplace to maintain the concept obeys a rule of reference effect any token about thinker thought. Following Annalisa Coliva and, more recently, Santiago Echeverri, I take specialness claim be thinking comes with certain guarantee its pattern reference. Echeverri maintains such explained by fairly flatfooted interpretatio...

This article contributes to the understanding of why the use of a frame-of-reference leads to increased criterion-related validity of personality inventories. Two competing explanations are described and tested. A between-subjects (N = 337) and a within-subject (N = 105) study are conducted to test the hypothesized effects of use of a frame of reference on reliability and validity. Regarding th...

What is the relation between first-person thought and self-consciousness? On one view, grasp of the first person is based on acquaintance with the self. Self-consciousness makes first-person reference possible, in much the same way in which perceptual acquaintance with objects of ‘outer sense’ makes perceptual demonstratives such as ‘this lemon’ available to us. The ‘perceptual demonstrative mo...

ion of Common Reference(AbsR) Replacement of Reference(RepR) Deletion of Abstract Class (DelA) Generalization of Reference(GenR) registered Registry Truck Car Trailer Registration Integer #Passenger #Passenger vehicle Transport Vehicle String vehID Original Class Graph 3 Addition of Concrete Class(AddC) A Transport Vehicle Person Person