OBJECTIVES We assess the cigarette price that would motivate smokers to quit. We also explore the factors associated with the required price, including exposures to non-tax tobacco control policies. METHODS Cross-sectional analysis was conducted on data from 1257 male smokers, who participated in either Wave 2 or 3 of the ITC Korea Survey. Information was obtained on what cigarette price per ...

OBJECTIVES To describe alternative policies aimed at encouraging price competition in generic drug markets in countries with strict price regulation, and to present some case studies drawn from the European experience. METHODS Systematic literature review of articles and technical reports published after 1999. RESULTS The shortcomings in consumer price competition observed in some European ...

Most studies that compare price and quantity controls for greenhouse gas emissions under uncertainty find that price mechanisms perform substantially better. In these studies, the benefits from reducing emissions are proportional to the level of reductions, and such linear benefits strongly favor price policies (Weitzman 1974). Catastrophic damages, however, challenge that intuition as conseque...

pricing policies play an important role in water demand management and its optimal allocation. determining proper water price leads to optimal allocation of water especially in agricultural consumptions. applying new subsidy targeting law in iran which insists on pricing water based on its supply cost, will effects considerably on water resource management in agriculture sector. so, in this stu...

After the financial crises from 2008-2009, the design of macroprudential policies has arrived in the centre of the macroeconomic discussion. With respect to house price booms, recent research suggest the use of loan-to-value (LTV) policies as a stabilization tool. However, policymakers are rather reluctant and change LTV ratios only in the case of extreme events. This paper builds a Hong Kong s...