background: universities play an important role in training people to meet the community demands for skilled manpower. furthermore, it is a fact known that universities do most of the research projects in iran and in most countries through out the world. it is, therefore, important to know about teaching and research productivity in universities and to determine this productivity. theoretically...

In the absense of frictionless trade, domestic productivity will be a major determinant of prices. Using repeated cross-sections of absolute prices of individual goods across European countries, I find that products of an industry tend to be cheaper in countries with higher productivity in that industry. Similarly, countries with higher productivity in manufacturing have lower prices for produc...

Morphological productivity is generally seen as affix-driven, with a given affix selecting base words satisfying a range of formal and semantic selectional restrictions. Plag (1999), however, has shown that there are base-driven selectional restrictions, and Hay (2000) and Hay & Baayen (2002) have shown that the frequency relation between derived and base word is correlated with affix productiv...

An important recent development has been the emergence o f a body o f literature by Harva rd economists emphasizing a collective voice/insti tutional response (CV/IR) view of unionism, t Possibly the most controversial aspect o f this literature (hereafter, the Harva rd studies) concerns the effects o f unions on labor productivity. Utilizing a product ion function approach, Brown and Medof f (...

Low food availability is a major structuring force in deep-sea benthic communities, sustaining only very low densities of organisms in parts of the abyss. These low population densities may result in an Allee effect, whereby local reproductive success is inhibited, and populations are maintained by larval dispersal from bathyal slopes. This slope-abyss source-sink (SASS) hypothesis suggests tha...

In response to recent discussions regarding the ability of hospitals to achieve gains in productivity, we present two methodologies that attempt to measure multifactor productivity (MFP) in the hospital sector. We analyze each method and conclude that the inconsistencies in their outcomes make it difficult to estimate a precise level of MFP that hospitals have historically achieved. Our goal in...