We study how an optimal income tax and an optimal public-goods provision rule respond to preference and productivity shocks. A conventional Mirrleesian treatment is shown to provoke manipulations of the policy mechanism by individuals with similar interests. We therefore extend the Mirrleesian model so as to include a requirement of coalition-proofness. The main results are the following: first...

Object-oriented languages have recently become common, making register indirect jumps more important than ever. In objectoriented languages, virtual functions are heavily used because they improve programming productivity greatly. Virtual function calls usually consist of register indirect jumps, and consequently, programs written in objectoriented languages contain many register indirect jumps...

A …rm’s productivity depends on how production is organized given the level of demand for its product. To capture this mechanism, we develop a theory of an economy where …rms with heterogeneous demands use labor and knowledge to produce. Entrepreneurs decide the number of layers of management and the knowledge and span of control of each agent. As a result, in the theory, heterogeneity in deman...

one  of  the  fundamental needs  for  the  human  is  to  have  a  workplace in  which  they  can  do  their  workappropriately. worldwide energy crisis necessitated the construction of official buildings with smaller space and less air ventilation. this led to the reduction in air conditioning, accumulation of the contaminants in indoor, increased exposure, health threat concerning the staff i...

nowadays, the concept of sustainable development has found a global application and attracted many parts andbasis of any community. among many factors affecting sustainable developments, educational system is remarkably effective in many ways. the effectiveness of the system is also a function of various factors and components. the managers and their management are one of the components playing...

Changes in the frequency, duration, and severity of climate extremes are forecast to occur under global climate change. The impacts of climate extremes on forest productivity and health remain difficult to predict due to potential interactions with disturbance events and forest dynamics-changes in forest stand composition, density, size and age structure over time. Such interactions may lead to...

Predator-prey communities are ubiquitous in ecology, but introduced predators can drive native species to extinction within island systems, prompting the eradication of such exotics. Ecological theory predicts that elimination of top-introduced predators from islands can lead to the counterintuitive decline of native prey populations through the ecological release of smaller introduced species ...